RotatE: Knowledge Graph Embedding by Relational Rotation in Complex Space

Introduction

This is the PyTorch implementation of the RotatE model for knowledge graph embedding (KGE). We provide a toolkit that gives state-of-the-art performance of several popular KGE models. The toolkit is quite efficient, which is able to train a large KGE model within a few hours on a single GPU.

A faster multi-GPU implementation of RotatE and other KGE models is available in GraphVite.

Implemented features

Models:

• RotatE
• pRotatE
• TransE
• ComplEx
• DistMult

Evaluation Metrics:

• MRR, MR, HITS@1, HITS@3, HITS@10 (filtered)
• AUC-PR (for Countries data sets)

Loss Function:

• Uniform Negative Sampling
• Self-Adversarial Negative Sampling

Usage

Knowledge Graph Data:

• entities.dict: a dictionary map entities to unique ids
• relations.dict: a dictionary map relations to unique ids
• train.txt: the KGE model is trained to fit this data set
• valid.txt: create a blank file if no validation data is available
• test.txt: the KGE model is evaluated on this data set

Train

For example, this command train a RotatE model on FB15k dataset with GPU 0.

CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES=0 python -u codes/run.py --do_train \
 --cuda \
 --do_valid \
 --do_test \
 --data_path data/FB15k \
 --model RotatE \
 -n 256 -b 1024 -d 1000 \
 -g 24.0 -a 1.0 -adv \
 -lr 0.0001 --max_steps 150000 \
 -save models/RotatE_FB15k_0 --test_batch_size 16 -de

Check argparse configuration at codes/run.py for more arguments and more details.

Test

CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES=$GPU_DEVICE python -u $CODE_PATH/run.py --do_test --cuda -init $SAVE

Reproducing the best results

To reprocude the results in the ICLR 2019 paper RotatE: Knowledge Graph Embedding by Relational Rotation in Complex Space, you can run the bash commands in best_config.sh to get the best performance of RotatE, TransE, and ComplEx on five widely used datasets (FB15k, FB15k-237, wn18, wn18rr, Countries).

The run.sh script provides an easy way to search hyper-parameters:

bash run.sh train RotatE FB15k 0 0 1024 256 1000 24.0 1.0 0.0001 200000 16 -de

Speed

The KGE models usually take about half an hour to run 10000 steps on a single GeForce GTX 1080 Ti GPU with default configuration. And these models need different max_steps to converge on different data sets:

Dataset	FB15k	FB15k-237	wn18	wn18rr	Countries S*
MAX_STEPS	150000	100000	80000	80000	40000
TIME	9 h	6 h	4 h	4 h	2 h

Results of the RotatE model

Dataset	FB15k	FB15k-237	wn18	wn18rr
MRR	.797 ± .001	.337 ± .001	.949 ± .000	.477 ± .001
MR	40	177	309	3340
HITS@1	.746	.241	.944	.428
HITS@3	.830	.375	.952	.492
HITS@10	.884	.533	.959	.571

Using the library

The python libarary is organized around 3 objects:

• TrainDataset (dataloader.py): prepare data stream for training
• TestDataSet (dataloader.py): prepare data stream for evluation
• KGEModel (model.py): calculate triple score and provide train/test API

The run.py file contains the main function, which parses arguments, reads data, initilize the model and provides the training loop.

Add your own model to model.py like:

def TransE(self, head, relation, tail, mode):
    if mode == 'head-batch':
        score = head + (relation - tail)
    else:
        score = (head + relation) - tail

    score = self.gamma.item() - torch.norm(score, p=1, dim=2)
    return score

Citation

If you use the codes, please cite the following paper:

@inproceedings{
 sun2018rotate,
 title={RotatE: Knowledge Graph Embedding by Relational Rotation in Complex Space},
 author={Zhiqing Sun and Zhi-Hong Deng and Jian-Yun Nie and Jian Tang},
 booktitle={International Conference on Learning Representations},
 year={2019},
 url={https://openreview.net/forum?id=HkgEQnRqYQ},
}