A MySQL compatible database engine written in Go

go-mysql-server is a data-source agnostic SQL engine and server which runs queries on data sources you provide, using the MySQL dialect and wire protocol. A simple in-memory database implementation is included, and you can query any data source you want by implementing your own backend.

Dolt, a SQL database with Git-style versioning, is the main production database implementation of this package. Check out that project for a reference implementation. Or, hop into the Dolt Discord server here if you want to talk to the core developers behind go-mysql-server and Dolt.

Compatibility

With the exception of specific limitations (see below), go-mysql-server is a drop-in replacement for MySQL. Any client library, tool, query, SQL syntax, SQL function, etc. that works with MySQL (including the MariaDB Java client) should also work with go-mysql-server. If you find a gap in functionality, please file an issue.

For full MySQL compatibility documentation, see the Dolt docs on this topic.

Scope of this project

• SQL server and engine to query your data sources.
• In-memory database backend implementation suitable for use in tests.
• Interfaces you can use to implement new backends to query your own data sources.
• With a few caveats and using a full database implementation, a drop-in MySQL database replacement.

go-mysql-server has two primary uses case:

1. Stand-in for MySQL in a golang test environment, using the built-in memory database implementation.

2. Providing access to arbitrary data sources with SQL queries by implementing a handful of interfaces. The most complete real-world implementation is Dolt.

Installation

Add go-mysql-server as a dependency to your project. In the directory with the go.mod file, run:

go get github.com/dolthub/go-mysql-server@latest

To implement ICU-compatible regexes, go-mysql-server has a dependency on go-icu-regex, which has a Cgo dependency on ICU4C. To build a project which depends on go-mysql-server, you should have a C/C++ toolchain, you should build with Cgo enabled, and you should have libicu-dev, or the equivalent for your environment, installed and available to your C++ toolchain.

For convenience, go-mysql-server also includes a non-compatible regex implementation based on the Go standard library regex.Regex. To build against that, instead of the go-icu-regex implementation, you must compile with -tags=gms_pure_go. Please note that some of go-mysql-server's tests do not pass with -tags=gms_pure_go and in general gms_pure_go is not recommended for users seeking MySQL compatibility.

Using the in-memory test server

The in-memory test server can replace a real MySQL server in tests. Start the server using the code in the _example directory, also reproduced below.

package main

import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"time"

	"github.com/dolthub/vitess/go/vt/proto/query"

	sqle "github.com/dolthub/go-mysql-server"
	"github.com/dolthub/go-mysql-server/memory"
	"github.com/dolthub/go-mysql-server/server"
	"github.com/dolthub/go-mysql-server/sql"
	"github.com/dolthub/go-mysql-server/sql/analyzer"
	"github.com/dolthub/go-mysql-server/sql/types"
	"github.com/dolthub/go-mysql-server/sql/variables"
)

// This is an example of how to implement a MySQL server.
// After running the example, you may connect to it using the following:
//
// > mysql --host=localhost --port=3306 --user=root mydb --execute="SELECT * FROM mytable;"
// +----------+-------------------+-------------------------------+----------------------------+
// | name     | email             | phone_numbers                 | created_at                 |
// +----------+-------------------+-------------------------------+----------------------------+
// | Jane Deo | [email protected] | ["556-565-566","777-777-777"] | 2022-11-01 12:00:00.000001 |
// | Jane Doe | [email protected]      | []                            | 2022-11-01 12:00:00.000001 |
// | John Doe | [email protected]      | ["555-555-555"]               | 2022-11-01 12:00:00.000001 |
// | John Doe | [email protected]   | []                            | 2022-11-01 12:00:00.000001 |
// +----------+-------------------+-------------------------------+----------------------------+
//
// The included MySQL client is used in this example, however any MySQL-compatible client will work.

var (
	dbName    = "mydb"
	tableName = "mytable"
	address   = "localhost"
	port      = 3306
)

func main() {
	vars := variables.NewEngineVariables()
	pro := createTestDatabase(vars)
	engine := sqle.New(analyzer.NewDefault(pro), &sqle.Config{EngineVariables: vars})

	session := memory.NewSession(sql.NewBaseSessionWithVariables(vars), pro)
	ctx := engine.NewContext(context.Background(), sql.WithSession(session))
	ctx.SetCurrentDatabase(dbName)

	// This variable may be found in the "users_example.go" file. Please refer to that file for a walkthrough on how to
	// set up the "mysql" database to allow user creation and user checking when establishing connections. This is set
	// to false for this example, but feel free to play around with it and see how it works.
	if enableUsers {
		if err := enableUserAccounts(ctx, engine); err != nil {
			panic(err)
		}
	}

	config := server.Config{
		Protocol: "tcp",
		Address:  fmt.Sprintf("%s:%d", address, port),
	}
	s, err := server.NewServer(config, engine, sql.ContextFactoryWithVariables(vars), memory.NewSessionBuilderWithVariables(pro, vars), nil)
	if err != nil {
		panic(err)
	}
	if err = s.Start(); err != nil {
		panic(err)
	}
}

func createTestDatabase(vars *sql.EngineVariables) *memory.DbProvider {
	db := memory.NewDatabase(dbName)

	pro := memory.NewDBProvider(db)
	session := memory.NewSession(sql.NewBaseSessionWithVariables(vars), pro)
	ctx := sql.NewContextWithVariables(context.Background(), vars, sql.WithSession(session))

	table := memory.NewTable(ctx, db, tableName, sql.NewPrimaryKeySchema(sql.Schema{
		{Name: "name", Type: types.Text, Nullable: false, Source: tableName, PrimaryKey: true},
		{Name: "email", Type: types.Text, Nullable: false, Source: tableName, PrimaryKey: true},
		{Name: "phone_numbers", Type: types.JSON, Nullable: false, Source: tableName},
		{Name: "created_at", Type: types.MustCreateDatetimeType(query.Type_DATETIME, 6), Nullable: false, Source: tableName},
	}), db.GetForeignKeyCollection())
	db.AddTable(tableName, table)

	creationTime := time.Unix(0, 1667304000000001000).UTC()
	_ = table.Insert(ctx, sql.NewRow("Jane Deo", "[email protected]", types.MustJSON(`["556-565-566", "777-777-777"]`), creationTime))
	_ = table.Insert(ctx, sql.NewRow("Jane Doe", "[email protected]", types.MustJSON(`[]`), creationTime))
	_ = table.Insert(ctx, sql.NewRow("John Doe", "[email protected]", types.MustJSON(`["555-555-555"]`), creationTime))
	_ = table.Insert(ctx, sql.NewRow("John Doe", "[email protected]", types.MustJSON(`[]`), creationTime))

	return pro
}

This example populates the database by creating memory.Database and memory.Table objects via golang code, but you can also populate it by issuing CREATE DATABASE, CREATE TABLE, etc. statements to the server once it's running.

Once the server is running, connect with any MySQL client, including the golang MySQL connector and the mysql shell.

> mysql --host=localhost --port=3306 --user=root mydb --execute="SELECT * FROM mytable;"
+----------+-------------------+-------------------------------+----------------------------+
| name     | email             | phone_numbers                 | created_at                 |
+----------+-------------------+-------------------------------+----------------------------+
| Jane Deo | [email protected] | ["556-565-566","777-777-777"] | 2022-11-01 12:00:00.000001 |
| Jane Doe | [email protected]      | []                            | 2022-11-01 12:00:00.000001 |
| John Doe | [email protected]      | ["555-555-555"]               | 2022-11-01 12:00:00.000001 |
| John Doe | [email protected]   | []                            | 2022-11-01 12:00:00.000001 |
+----------+-------------------+-------------------------------+----------------------------+

Limitations of the in-memory database implementation

The in-memory database implementation included with this package is intended for use in tests. It has specific limitations that we know of:

• Not threadsafe. To avoid concurrency issues, limit DDL and DML statements (CREATE TABLE, INSERT, etc.) to a single goroutine.
• No transaction support. Statements like START TRANSACTION, ROLLBACK, and COMMIT are no-ops.
• Non-performant index implementation. Indexed lookups and joins perform full table scans on the underlying tables.

Custom backend implementations

You can create your own backend to query your own data sources by implementing some interfaces. For detailed instructions, see the backend guide.

Technical documentation for contributors and backend developers

• Architecture is an overview of the various packages of the project and how they fit together.
• Contribution guide for new contributors, including instructions for how to get your PR merged.

Powered by go-mysql-server

• dolt
• Grafana
• gitbase (defunct)

Are you building a database backend using go-mysql-server? We would like to hear from you and include you in this list.

Security Policy

go-mysql-server's security policy is maintained in this repository. Please follow the disclosure instructions there. Please do not initially report security issues in this repository's public GitHub issues.

Acknowledgements

go-mysql-server was originally developed by the {source-d} organzation, and this repository was originally forked from src-d. We want to thank the entire {source-d} development team for their work on this project, especially Miguel Molina (@erizocosmico) and Juanjo Álvarez Martinez (@juanjux).

License

Apache License 2.0, see LICENSE

The Go gopher was designed by Renee French, licensed under CC BY 4.0. The mascot image is based on work by Takuya Ueda, licensed under CC BY 3.0, with modifications.