🔄 Phoenix-Adapters: NoSQL Database Adapters using Apache Phoenix

Phoenix-Adapters provides adapters for various NoSQL databases (e.g., DynamoDB) backed by Apache Phoenix (on HBase) as the persistent store.

📖 Overview

It can be challenging for applications/services to maintain different codebases for different substrates/cloud providers if they use the substrate-native NoSQL databases.

This is where Phoenix-Adapters comes in. It allows developers to write new services (or port their existing services with minimal code changes) using familiar NoSQL semantics while leveraging the scalability, fault-tolerance and predictable performance of Apache Phoenix/HBase.

🧩 Supported Database Adapters

DynamoDB

How to use Phoenix-Adapters to port their DynamoDB based service to Apache Phoenix?

• A RESTful API Server that accepts JSON payloads similar to DynamoDB.

By using REST Service, client applications already using any AWS SDKs to connect with DynamoDB does not need to perform any code change. The client application only needs to update the REST endpoint.

Production-ready and horizontally scalable. The REST process is 100% stateless — all state lives in the underlying HBase cluster. Spawn as many instances (containers / VMs / pods) as you need and put any load balancer in front of them; no session affinity, no inter-instance coordination required.

Supported DynamoDB APIs

• DDL:
  • CreateTable
  • DeleteTable
  • DescribeTable
  • ListTables
  • UpdateTable
  • UpdateTimeToLive
  • DescribeTimeToLive
• DQL:
  • Query
  • Scan
  • BatchGetItem
  • GetItem
• DML:
  • PutItem
  • UpdateItem
  • BatchWriteItem
  • DeleteItem
• Change Stream:
  • ListStreams
  • DescribeStream
  • GetShardIterator
  • GetRecords

For detailed project overview and API reference (including request/response parameters, validations, and examples), see the DynamoDB API Reference

Connecting with AWS SDK

The Phoenix DynamoDB REST service is fully compatible with AWS SDKs. You can connect to it by simply configuring the endpoint URL to point to your Phoenix REST service instead of the standard DynamoDB endpoint.

📖 For detailed examples and configuration instructions, see the Phoenix DynamoDB REST Service README

How to bring up REST Server in dev env?

1. Bring up HBase cluster locally. Refer to https://hbase.apache.org/book.html#quickstart
2. Bring up Phoenix system tables using sqlline (bin/sqlline.py). Refer to https://phoenix.apache.org/installation.html.
3. Clone phoenix-adapters repo.
4. Build the project with: mvn clean install -DskipTests
5. Start the REST Server with: bin/phoenix-adapters rest start -p <port> -z <zk-quorum> e.g. bin/phoenix-adapters rest start -p 8842 -z localhost:2181 to start the server at port 8842 with zk-quorum localhost:2181. Alternative to -z <zk-quorum> is env variable ZOO_KEEPER_QUORUM.

One-shot Docker setup (recommended for first-time users)

Skip steps 1-2 above with the bundled Docker cluster. From a fresh clone:

Prerequisites: Docker Desktop running; jq and curl on PATH (brew install jq on macOS).

# 1. Bring up the full stack at the versions pinned in pom.xml and BLOCK
#    until every container reports healthy (REST is ~30-60s on cold start).
#    First time: ~8-12 min total -- most of that is Maven downloading
#    ~1.5 GB of dependencies into the BuildKit cache mount. Subsequent
#    runs reuse the cache and rebuild in seconds.
docker compose -f docker/docker-compose.yml up -d --build --wait

# 2. Validate it works end-to-end (CRUD + UpdateItem + BatchWriteItem + streams).
bash docker/scripts/smoke.sh
# -> "Result: 21 checks PASSED across 18 API calls"

# 3. Use it. The DynamoDB-compatible endpoint is at http://localhost:8842 .
#    Point any AWS SDK at it (Java/Python/Node.js snippets in
#    phoenix-ddb-rest/README.md), or hit it with curl:
curl -s -X POST http://localhost:8842/ \
    -H 'Content-Type: application/x-amz-json-1.0' \
    -H 'X-Amz-Target: DynamoDB_20120810.ListTables' -d '{}'

# 4. Tear down when you're done.
docker compose -f docker/docker-compose.yml down -v

See docker/README.md for the full reference: port mappings, the developer inner loop for code changes, the smoke-test breakdown, troubleshooting, and how to run the REST server outside Docker against the dockerized cluster.

Building Distribution Tarball

To build a distribution tarball that includes all components:

mvn clean package

This will generate a tarball in phoenix-ddb-assembly/target/phoenix-adapters-*-bin.tar.gz

Installation

1. Extract the distribution tarball:

tar xzf phoenix-adapters-<version>-bin.tar.gz
cd phoenix-adapters-<version>

1. Configure the environment variables in conf/phoenix-adapters-env.sh:

export JAVA_HOME=/path/to/java
export PHOENIX_ADAPTERS_HOME=/path/to/extracted/phoenix-adapters

Configuration

Environment Variables

The following environment variables can be configured:

• JAVA_HOME: Path to Java installation
• PHOENIX_ADAPTERS_HOME: Path to Phoenix Adapters installation
• PHOENIX_ADAPTERS_CONF_DIR: Configuration directory (default: $PHOENIX_ADAPTERS_HOME/conf)
• PHOENIX_ADAPTERS_LOG_DIR: Log directory (default: $PHOENIX_ADAPTERS_HOME/logs)
• PHOENIX_ADAPTERS_PID_DIR: PID directory (default: /var/run/phoenix-adapters)
• PHOENIX_REST_HEAPSIZE: Maximum heap size (e.g., "2g")
• PHOENIX_REST_OFFHEAPSIZE: Maximum off-heap memory size (e.g., "1g")
• PHOENIX_REST_OPTS: Additional JVM options
• PHOENIX_DDB_REST_OPTS: Additional JVM options for REST server

Logging Configuration

Logging can be configured in conf/log4j.properties. The default configuration includes:

• Console logging
• File logging with rotation
• GC logging
• Heap dumps on OutOfMemoryError

Running the Server

Starting the Server

To start the REST server as a daemon:

bin/phoenix-adapters rest start

To start in foreground mode (for debugging):

bin/phoenix-adapters rest foreground_start

Checking Server Status

To check if the server is running:

bin/phoenix-adapters rest status

Stopping the Server

To stop the server:

bin/phoenix-adapters rest stop

Restarting the Server

To restart the server:

bin/phoenix-adapters rest restart

Logs

Logs are stored in the following locations:

• Main log: $PHOENIX_ADAPTERS_LOG_DIR/rest.log
• GC log: $PHOENIX_ADAPTERS_LOG_DIR/gc.log
• Heap dumps: $PHOENIX_ADAPTERS_LOG_DIR/ (on OutOfMemoryError)

DynamoDB-Compatible Alternatives

Phoenix-Adapters is one of several open-source projects that expose a DynamoDB-compatible API on non-AWS infrastructure. The two most prominent alternatives are:

• ScyllaDB Alternator — DynamoDB API embedded in ScyllaDB.
• ExtendDB — DynamoDB API on PostgreSQL.

📊 For a detailed feature-by-feature comparison — API coverage, expressions, scalability, design philosophy, and a "when to use what" guide — see ALTERNATIVES.md.